This book describes the iterative steps that were successfully undertaken to develop adaptation measures to climate change in two Vietnamese provinces. The methodology used to develop the scientific basis and the societal agreement on the need to adapt to climate change is applicable to other regions in Vietnam, Asia, and worldwide. The uncertainties of climate change models make it difficult to justify investments to finance protection from uncertain impacts. Starting with the projected climate change impacts in Vietnam, which is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change, the book outlines a methodological approach to assess and evaluate local vulnerabilities of natural resources to climate change and socio-economic impacts, engaging local stakeholders in the development of locally acceptable and economically feasible adaptation measures.