Now in its fourth edition, this work provides a structured overview of current clinical concepts in cardiac and thoracic surgery. Established knowledge is emphasized and supplemented with current details. The focus is more on understanding relationships than on simply listing various details. To provide quick and clear access to the subject, overly detailed operative sketches have been omitted in favor of essential aspects. This book is aimed at aspiring cardiac and thoracic surgeons who seek a quick overview in their clinical practice. It is also helpful for other disciplines, such as intensive care and anesthesiology, to foster an understanding of surgical decision-making processes and the technical and physiological aspects of the operations.