The book "Continuum Methods of Physical Modeling" is a comprehensive expansion of lecture notes that have been delivered for over a decade at the Technical University of Darmstadt in the Department of Mechanics for students of engineering, mathematics, and physics. It covers the fundamentals of continuum physics and spans three semesters, addressing topics such as physical oceanography, limnology, and the physics of soil, snow, and ice in a geophysical context. The aim of the book is to provide a deep understanding of the mathematical foundations of these geophysical research fields and to illuminate the regional and global processes that influence the climate dynamics of our planet. The content of the book includes an introduction to continuum thermomechanics, methods of dimensional analysis, and turbulence modeling, which are relevant for environmental physicists and engineers working with continuous systems in solid and fluid mechanics.