In this volume, authors from various disciplines present concrete cases of counterfeiting to explore the historical and theoretical dimensions of counterfeiting within their fields. The aim is not to expose counterfeiters or track down media scandals, but rather to investigate the often untapped potential of counterfeiting. Forgeries engage with expectations and rituals; they reference paradigms, consensuses, and agreements, as well as written and unwritten laws of discourse. This approach reveals, in a negative sense, the concepts of originality, authenticity, proof, and authorship that are fundamental to scientific disciplines and artistic traditions.