The Bacon Project defines a fundamental aspect of modernity; while in antiquity the understanding of nature was regarded as an end in itself, the modern era views it as a means to enhance the general well-being of humanity. Schäfer argues that the ecological crisis does not necessitate the abandonment of Bacon's ideal—rather, it calls for a drastic revision of Bacon's program, meaning the means and methods by which the ideal has been pursued since then. The connection presented in the Bacon Project between natural research and its technical implementation, along with a theory of happiness and society, should not be sacrificed for simple recommendations, but rather requires, even in a revised form, the integration of scientific theoretical, technological and natural philosophical, ethical, and political considerations.