In 1948, the Star of David became the symbol of the newly founded State of Israel and the emblem of the Israeli national flag. In the same year, Gershom Scholem traced the remarkable career of this symbol in Jewish tradition in an essay written in Hebrew. In 1963, he published a revised version of his essay in German in the volume "Judaica." Shortly before his death in February 1982, the great Jewish scholar planned an expanded Hebrew version. This volume draws on previously unpublished material about the Star of David from Gershom Scholem's estate and offers a fundamental edition of this significant study, now supplemented for the first time with source references.