How should art and cultural objects originating from former European colonies be handled? The debate over a possible restitution of colonial goods currently housed in museums across Europe has gained significant intensity and visibility in recent years. The examination and research of the colonial past of European museums has only recently come into the public spotlight. Based on a conference organized by the Austrian Ministry of Culture in cooperation with ICOM Austria, this anthology brings together the current state of research on (potentially) colonial provenances in Austrian federal museums. However, the book also looks beyond this, featuring international voices, examples, and models from other countries regarding a possible approach to this issue.