The Nibelungenlied originated at the beginning of the 13th century. The unknown author drew on older traditions and figures from the Nordic mythological world. Additionally, there are, albeit vague, historical references, such as the defeat of the Burgundians, who originally resided in Worms, in Central France against the Romans and Huns around 436, or Attila's marriage to the Germanic princess Ildico in 453. In the French region of Burgundy, the name of the Germanic tribe has been preserved to this day. The philologist and writer Karl Simrock published his translation of the heroic poem from Middle High German in 1827. The rapidly popular translation significantly contributed to the rise of the Nibelungen material as a German national epic in the 19th century.