The Chinese government has risen to become one of the key players in international politics. A thorough analysis of the political system is essential for a well-founded understanding of the rise of the People's Republic of China. What role do the political system and state activities play in China's economic transformation? What consequences do economic modernization and global economic integration have for the political system? Is the political system capable of adapting to changing economic, technological, social, and international conditions? What potentials and risks will shape the medium-term development of the political system? This book aims to contribute to a nuanced understanding of the conditions, potentials, and risks of political development in China. It is based on a comprehensive evaluation.