The political achievements of Count Roger I of Sicily have so far been insufficiently researched. Based on a thorough analysis of the documentary and narrative sources of his time, this study presents a comprehensive picture of the governance and concept of rule of the first Sicilian count. Through his culturally conciliatory policies, the reorganization of administration, the office system, and the structure of Sicilian churches and monasteries, Roger I established fundamental standards for the Norman monarchy in Sicily. However, in pursuit of his long-term goal of Latinization and, in collaboration with the papacy, Romanization of Sicily, Count Roger I had to take into account the Greek-Byzantine traditions and the numerically dominant Arab population in many parts of the island, demonstrating political skill and the necessary sensitivity.