In recent decades, when discussing Gaue and Gauleiters in Nazi research, the focus has primarily been on party structures. Alternatively, they have served as case studies for regional historical detail studies. However, there has still been a lack of systematic comparative research on the Nazi Gaue as constitutive elements of a new statehood, as they developed in the Nazi Führer state since the mid-1930s. This volume addresses that gap. The result offers enlightening insights not only into the regional structures of the NS but also into the overall system of rule. The thematic areas include: racial policy and euthanasia; Aryanization and combating opponents; science, education, culture; Gau administration; Gaue of the Old Reich; The Reichsgaue. From the content: Preface by the editors 1. Fundamental questions Thomas Schaarschmidt, Regionality.