Establishing ethical and privacy protection aspects in scientific research, especially in medical research, has a long history. Medical data are usually more sensitive than other personal data and require a higher degree of protection. In recent research projects, genetic evaluations have become increasingly important, triggering new and ongoing activities in the context of data protection. Genetic data, as a subset of medical data, are the most sensitive category of personal data and require the highest degree of data protection. The book provides a systematic and itemized approach to data protection in clinical research, including the handling of genetic material, genetic samples, and derived genetic data, as well as their subsequent secure storage. It also covers the setup of different kinds of clinical trials that include a genetic component.