In many current discussions on the topic of competence and competence models, there is often a lack of fundamental engagement with the construct of competence and competence development. Clear definitions and distinctions from other educational key concepts, such as qualification or key qualifications, are also missing. As a result, ambiguities and accusations of excessive terminology arise. This book establishes competence and competence development as significant species-specific phenomena and unique characteristics of humans, characterized by the acquisition, application, and further development of aspects of will, knowledge, and skills. Starting from the fundamental importance of competence acquisition as a key to all problem-solving and innovative processes, personal development processes are reflected upon.