Modern democratic theory has become more controversial in the last two decades. On one hand, democracies are increasingly facing internal criticism, and on the other hand, the field of democratic theory has differentiated in a nearly overwhelming manner. This collection of essays closely examines these developments in modern democratic theory and the controversies that arise from them in four steps. First, it attempts to productively relate different fundamental directions within the diverging field of modern democratic theory. Second, it looks at the consequences of various democratic theoretical concepts for institutionalization concepts of computer democracy. Third, it revisits classic questions of voting rights, and finally, it presents the reform-political potential.