From March 31 to April 3, 2011, a conference took place in Bologna dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Bologna lecture given by Rudolf Steiner to a philosophically prepared audience. This lecture contains a condensed presentation of anthroposophical epistemology as well as a brief outline of the path of training. Additionally, 2011 marked the 150th birthday of Rudolf Steiner. These two themes are connected here. On one hand, it is shown how Rudolf Steiner had already developed the essential foundations for a new "science of the human ego" along with the corresponding path of training in the Bologna lecture, and on the other hand, that he was the first to follow this path of training through to the end.