On June 19, 1953, Ethel and Julius Rosenberg were executed in New York on the electric chair. The court had convicted them of atomic espionage for the Soviet Union. The case garnered worldwide attention at the time. Many on the left viewed the couple as innocent victims of the unleashed anti-communism that characterized the McCarthy era in the United States at the beginning of the Cold War. However, the sentiment against the Rosenbergs and their two co-defendants was also fueled by anti-Semitic notions of "Jewish traitors." At the same time, the portrayal of the couple in the media shows that the Rosenbergs were constructed as a counter-image to prevailing gender norms. The trial raises fundamental questions to this day. The book commemorates the court proceedings, examines its reception in literature and film, and traces the intertwining of anti-communist and anti-Semitic currents.