"The Man Without Qualities" highlights Musil's ambivalent relationships with the modernity of the early 20th century and draws conclusions about his life's work, "The Man Without Qualities." It aims to reflect on the Vienna Circle and its epistemological debates within the context of the modernization of the (natural) sciences, suggesting a parallel reflection on the handling of rationality and the critique of rationality, which serves as a contrasting backdrop for interpreting Musil's (self-) positioning in relation to modern rationality. Arslan encourages a discussion of Musil's work and his poetic categories, such as the dichotomy "ratioid/non-ratioid" or the "sense of possibility," in light of the ideas and debates of the Vienna Circle, and urges further intensive and intertextual research.