After the founding of the State of Israel in 1948, Christian theologians filed a lawsuit before the Supreme Court of the new state regarding the alleged Jewish "judicial murder" of Jesus. They demanded a reopening of the court proceedings and the annulment of the verdict by the high court. The jurist and legal historian Chaim Cohn, who was then the Chief Justice of Israel, addresses the historically and theologically sensitive question of the Jewish role in the trial and crucifixion of the Jew Jesus of Nazareth. He explores the connection between the deeply rooted Christian accusation of "deicide," antisemitism, and the history of persecution and suffering of the Jewish people, and attempts to create a historically accurate picture of the actual events surrounding the crucifixion of Jesus based on Jewish, Christian, and Roman sources.