Looking at international comparative studies, it becomes clear that both children at lower competence levels and those at higher competence levels need to be supported in their potentials and talents. This includes various areas of giftedness and means taking into account interpersonal diversity as well as intrapersonal diversity, such as that of gifted children from disadvantaged backgrounds or of exceptionally gifted children. From September 9 to 12, 2015, the 5th Münster Education Congress focused on these topics under the theme "Potential Development. Gifted Support. Education of Diversity." The aim was to bring gifted support to the forefront of society. With over 135 contributions, researchers and practitioners provided new impulses, discussed topics, and presented new approaches.