In the history of culture, including the healing arts, of the Middle Ages, we first encounter the Arabs. They were the first to absorb and process Hellenistic education and later passed it on to the peoples of the West. The achievements of the Arabs are assessed in various ways, with growing recognition in recent times; however, our knowledge of them remains quite superficial. The history of Arabic literature, whether general or specifically medical, still primarily focuses on biographical and bibliographical aspects to this day. The vast manuscript material of Arabic works on healing still lies in the dust of libraries. We do not even know if and to what extent the publication of these works would be worthwhile. Only a few writings by al-Razi on smallpox, by the same author on bladder stones, the Canon of Ibn Sina, and surgery are known.