The Sermon on the Mount is part of the fundamental Christian knowledge and is considered Jesus' most significant programmatic speech, regardless of the research question regarding which parts originated from Jesus himself or were added by the evangelist Matthew. Francis of Assisi lived the Sermon on the Mount, Luther loved it, and Leo Tolstoy, Mahatma Gandhi, and Martin Luther King drew their peace programs from it. The primary focus of the text interpretation is the fundamental question of the feasibility of Jesus' proposals. The key passages of the Sermon on the Mount are interpreted verse by verse and image by image in relation to both then and now, with particular attention paid to the issue of justice. The Sermon on the Mount is more than a cold, factual instruction; it is a personal and societal provocation.