For the beneficial development of children's self-regulation skills, adequate education is of crucial importance. In children with behavioral issues and/or emotional problems, such external regulation becomes particularly important, as their self-regulation abilities are either significantly diminished or relatively overwhelmed. Therefore, the aim of this prospective multi-level study was to clarify the relationships between indicators of central nervous behavioral control and regulation on one hand, and the manifestation and progression of child and adolescent psychiatric disorders on the other. The study aimed to examine the significance of central nervous control mechanisms (especially functions sensitive to the frontal lobe) for the course of mental disorders. Over three years, children and adolescents with hyperkinetic syndrome, tic disorders, and anorexia nervosa were examined psychopathologically, neuropsychologically, and psychophysiologically. It was shown that well-developed control functions of the frontal lobe have a positive impact on the symptoms of child psychiatric disorders.