In the 1920s and 1930s, three publications were produced at the Department of Sociology at the University of Chicago under the direction of Clifford Shaw: "The Jackroller," "The Natural History of a Delinquent Career," and "Brothers in Crime." These works contain detailed autobiographical accounts of criminal youths, which were analyzed by sociologists such as Ernest Burgess and Clifford Shaw. On one hand, the three publications contributed to the development of two theories of deviant behavior closely linked to the general sociological theoretical framework of symbolic interactionism: Edwin Sutherland and Donald Cressey's theory of differential association, as well as Howard Becker and Edwin Lemert's labeling theory, or the theory of secondary deviance, among others.