The era of court factors came to an end in the mid-18th century, which is why Uri Löw, a scion of a court Jew dynasty, founded a private bank in Berlin. Thanks to his sons and the marriage of a daughter, the Löw banking house was connected with similar enterprises in other countries. Over the course of the following century, the bank also developed within the context of the evolution of German Jewry. Orpa, daughter of the banker Adam Löw, was drawn to the world of German literature and culture, like many Jews of the upper class. She and her family spoke German, rather than Yiddish, around the time of Moses Mendelssohn, whose work promoted the Jewish Enlightenment. However, despite the French Revolution and Napoleon, Orpa's hope for equality remained unfulfilled in her lifetime without a baptismal certificate. Thus, a relative also had to be baptized in order to work as a scholar.