Posen and its higher education institutions have repeatedly been the starting point of German-Polish disputes since the Polish partitions at the end of the 18th century, with the Polish side consistently citing the significant argument of a majority of the Polish population in this region, which had to resist intense Germanization efforts. These efforts reached their peak during the Nazi regime, marking the lowest point in German-Polish relations. This paper goes beyond previous representations of the 'Reich University of Posen' to present the prehistory of this university, which was solely committed to National Socialism. It primarily focuses on the 'Royal Academy in Posen,' which operated from 1903 to 1919, as well as the Polish University of Posen, which existed from 1919 to 1939. The final chapter discusses the establishment and further development of the Polish 'Adam Mickiewicz University' in Posen after the end of World War II, along with its national and international significance.