This volume brings together Günther Anders' writings on philosophical anthropology, prominently featuring the previously unpublished text "The Alienation of Man" from 1929/30 and the retranslation of the essay "Pathologie de la liberté. Essai sur la non-identification," published in 1936. In these texts, humanity is portrayed as a being that always comes into the world only retrospectively and must continually redefine itself and establish its place in the world. "Artificiality is the nature of man, and his essence is instability," writes Anders, drawing on Helmuth Plessner, and he challenges contemporary readers to connect his anthropology to current debates such as post-fundamentalism or posthumanism. Above all, the texts gathered here are essential to understanding Anders' early work, and it is only through them that this understanding unfolds.