In a rapid space-time expansion process, a network of Cistercian monasteries spread across all of Europe from the five Burgundian mother monasteries within a century, reaching even the most remote areas. By the end of the Middle Ages, there were 1,500 Cistercian monasteries in Europe. No other order expanded as quickly, nor has any shaped the cultural landscapes of Europe as sustainably as the Cistercians did during the Middle Ages. Their work ethic, meaning their command to live off the fruits of their own labor, sharply distinguishes them from both the ancient slaveholding society and the feudal and benefice systems of the Middle Ages. By directing their ascetic energy towards the earth itself, the Cistercian order transforms the land through labor and Christianizes the soil of Europe. The permeation of Europe's landscapes is largely due to the Cistercians.