The management of services is one of the central challenges in the healthcare sector. It is essential to identify optimization and design potentials and to initiate improvement measures. Against this background, a second volume has been dedicated to the topic of "Process, Productivity, and Diversity Management," in which distinguished researchers and practitioners present a total of 21 contributions that demonstrate the possibilities, approaches, and methods available to optimize and design services in hospitals. Numerous practical recommendations for hospitals are derived from theoretical insights.