This book addresses the effects of demographic change on the demand for medical services. A particular focus is placed on examining the interactions between age and healthcare costs. The individual chapters of the book explore whether the shift in the age structure of society in Germany leads to a changed demand for medical services, especially among the older age groups. This also requires considering whether older individuals incur higher healthcare costs. The central question discussed in the book is whether proximity to death or a person's age determines the level of healthcare expenditures. The aging of society creates significant pressure on the pay-as-you-go social security system in Germany.