This book examines various aspects and topics of career counseling from a scientific perspective, focusing on gender-specific issues. It centers on the subject of career counseling, the institutional framework in which it takes place, and the actual counseling process. Gender-specific prejudices and misconceptions regarding professions often lead to poor career choices, which could be avoided with a better understanding of the actual decision-making criteria from both the perspective of the client and the profession. Career counselors often adopt a less critical, non-directive approach to counseling, rather than providing informed and critical guidance that takes into account the decision-making criteria for career choices and the actual conditions of the professions.