The application of IFRS has been mandatory for those German companies whose securities are listed on a regulated market since 2005, due to the EU regulation of July 19, 2002. However, all companies are still required to prepare individual financial statements in accordance with the HGB regulations for distribution assessment and tax profit determination. The proportion of capital market-oriented companies that fall under the mandatory application of the IAS regulation is extremely low in Germany, meaning that the majority of other, mostly medium-sized companies are not legally affected by the obligation to apply IFRS. However, literature questions whether this current division between individual and consolidated financial statements can persist in the long term. A uniform German accounting system.