The aim of this book is to identify potential savings in transport logistics within distribution logistics. First, the fundamentals of industrial logistics, particularly distribution and transport logistics, are explained, as they are deemed necessary for theoretical understanding. The methods and concepts for optimizing transport costs are oriented towards three fundamental issues that must be resolved for a given transport. These include the optimal selection of transport means specific to the load, the optimal transport process or route planning, and the optimal use of the storage space of the transport containers. Since all three issues involve factors that can influence transport costs and fundamentally provide a basis for optimization, suitable methods for optimization are presented based on this approach.