The starting point of the book is the aim to provide the reader with a compact presentation of the increasingly promoted application of process-oriented cost accounting, which has been advocated from various sides for some time now. Furthermore, the study aims to demonstrate that, in addition to the original goal of better distributing overhead costs to cost objects through the application of process cost accounting, it is also increasingly used as a cost management tool for planning, controlling, and monitoring the so-called indirect business areas, which often bear high overhead cost shares. Against this background, after introducing process-oriented cost accounting in terms of its origins, objectives, and content, a closer discussion of its most important fields of application will take place, followed by a more detailed evaluation of its strengths.