The book "Distance Sampling: Methods and Applications" offers a comprehensive introduction to the methods of Distance Sampling, which are of great importance to professionals and practitioners in ecology. This is the fourth publication on this topic, taking into account developments and advancements from the past ten years. The authors, including S. T. Buckland and T.A. Marques, present fundamental methods as well as new approaches that are useful in practice. The book is divided into three parts: the first part covers the basic methods and survey design, the second part focuses on various modeling approaches for Distance Sampling data, and the third part addresses variations of the basic methods as well as specific challenges in sampling different taxa. Readers will find numerous case studies, datasets, and computer code accessible through the accompanying website, which facilitates the application of the methods.