The advancement of technology that allows humans to venture into heights and depths also presents a series of previously unknown problems for medicine due to the exposure to altered external environments. From experiences and experimental studies, we are aware of certain symptoms and conditions that arise when humans are subjected to such "unphysiological" living conditions. The significant rise in technology, the use of compressed air foundations, and the attempts to dive deeper than ever before will increasingly draw scientific interest to the associated problems. However, both the diver and those working under compressed air, particularly doctors, should be familiar with the physiological and pathophysiological processes that occur in these situations for a better understanding of pathogenesis.