"Living and Dead in Bindings' Theory of Norms" is the title of Armin Kaufmann's dissertation published in 1954, in which he takes up and further develops the insights of Binding's theory of norms, highlighting the inaccuracies in Binding's work and replacing them with improved understandings. Accordingly, Kaufmann's theory is examined here to determine the extent to which its statements should be regarded as valid or outdated, as "living" or "dead." All differences between Kaufmann's approach and the dogmatics developed here are derived from three different perspectives: - While Kaufmann distinguishes between behavioral and sanction norms, criminal law norms are understood here solely as connections between behavior and sanctions. - While Kaufmann differentiates between commands and prohibitions, all norms are viewed here as relations between...