In this second part of "Stochastics Compact," Heinz Klaus Strick explains the fundamental concepts and methods of inferential statistics. Using the sigma rules for binomial distributions, forecasts for random experiments can be made, distinguishing between compatible and significantly deviating sample results. From this, the procedure for hypothesis testing is developed, including the associated error considerations. At the end, the binomial test is extended to the chi-square goodness-of-fit test. The author, Heinz Klaus Strick, taught mathematics and physics at a high school in Leverkusen for 37 years. He became well-known through his subject-specific didactic essays, textbooks, lectures, and teaching assignments at various universities. For his activities, and especially for his contributions to the teaching of stochastics, he was awarded the Archi in 2002.