In recent years, the importance of information regarding the use of digital media in both school and extracurricular settings has been increasing due to the shift towards a digital society. The usage by elementary school children, as well as by teachers, and information about the educational framework conditions are central aspects of this discussion. This book addresses the significance of new technologies in primary education and utilizes data from the current IGLU and TIMS studies from 2011 from various perspectives. The contributions in the book focus on important aspects such as the conditions for learning and teaching with digital media, the role of school leadership, the subject-specific use of digital media in the classroom, and differentiated considerations regarding background characteristics of students, such as gender, migration background, and socioeconomic status.