The book "Endosperm" provides a comprehensive overview of the developmental and molecular biology of endosperm, which is crucial for human nutrition, animal feed, and as an industrial raw material source. It discusses the development of endosperm in cereals from fertilization to maturity, highlighting the molecular and cell biological aspects of the syncytial phase, the process of cell formation, and the specification of cell fates in the surrounding regions of the embryo. Additionally, the development of endosperm in the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana is covered, including the latest advances in in vitro culture of endosperm. The book includes special chapters on topics such as imprinting, polyploidy, programmed cell death, and anthocyanin biosynthesis. The genetic foundations and metabolic pathways of the main nutrients of endosperm, including storage proteins and starch, are also detailed. Each chapter is accompanied by illustrations and diagrams and is aimed at readers with a basic understanding of cell and molecular biology.