The end of World War II was 70 years ago. The Upper Lusatia region also suffered from its brutal effects during the last days of the war in April 1945. It is important to remember that the last battles against the German military units involved the 2nd Polish Army, which was initially assigned a front section about 30 km wide along the Lusatian Neisse between Pechern and Rothenburg. Within the 1st Ukrainian Front, it participated in the offensive that began on April 16, 1945, advancing through Rothenburg, Niesky, Rietschen, Bautzen, Kamenz, and reaching Weixdorf. The aim of this translation for the German reader is to clarify these very costly battles in Upper Lusatia from the Polish perspective, without the ideological embellishments of earlier accounts, while also considering the challenging phase of the formation of this army.