The book addresses both the history of the discovery of early childhood reflexes and the historical development of general reflex theory. It begins with an overview of the historical evolution of general reflex theory from antiquity to the 21st century, focusing on a number of great discoverers and their respective contributions to the advancement of knowledge about reflexes. As a bridge to the description of the discovery history of early childhood reflexes, there is a brief look at the history of pediatric neurology. The era of discovering early childhood reflexes lasted from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. From this period, 13 selected early childhood reflexes are discussed in historical order according to the time of their first description.