The author discusses the challenges posed by demographic change that the healthcare system and society must address. The health and care system is facing an increasing number of illnesses among people over 60 years old. This development can be countered by introducing new medical care concepts and freeing up physician capacity through delegation and the assumption of medical tasks by new, academically trained health professions. Additional solutions can also be found in the use of cost-saving economic levers such as the Balanced Scorecard and the integration of outpatient and inpatient treatment to enhance effectiveness and efficiency.