This paper examines and analyzes the macro- and micropolitical processes, interest positions, strategy and power options of the involved actors in relation to the complex discussion of success and effectiveness in social work. The qualitative approach is provided by current developments in integration assistance for people with disabilities in light of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. A starting point for further analysis is the hypothesis that the actors involved in the service process are not only guided by professional arguments in the specific definition of successful and effective work, but that individual, political, economic, and professional interests play an important role. This has far-reaching consequences for the understanding of the social work profession and, not least, for the clients of social service providers.