Ahmet Djemal, known as Cemal Pasha (1872-1922), was a Young Turk nationalist, general (Pasha), and a leading government official of the Ottoman Empire. He was one of the main perpetrators of the genocide against Armenians, Assyrians, and Arameans. Under the leadership of the charismatic Ismail Enver, an open military rebellion of the Young Turks occurred in 1908 in what was then Turkish Thessaloniki. Ahmet Cemal played a significant role in encouraging many officers and troops to join the uprising, which was ultimately crucial for the success of the Young Turk Revolution. The military superiority of the rebel forces forced the previously absolutist government of the Sultan to concede. On July 24, 1908, Sultan Abdülhamid II had to reinstate the liberal constitution of Grand Vizier Midhat Pasha from 1876, which he had suspended in 1878.