The relationship of the Church, as well as of Christians, to Judaism is fundamentally existential. This impulse from the Council's declaration Nostra aetate must continue to be carried forward today. The ongoing renewal of the Churches stemming from the Christian-Jewish dialogue still holds many unexplored topics and has not yet been fully realized in church practice. This volume demonstrates how exciting the theological field is, which increasingly desires to be explored and nurtured. The title of the 290th volume in the series Quaestiones disputatae, 'Renewal of the Churches,' serves as a wake-up call, shaped by the conviction that even in the sixth decade after the Council, there is still a pressing need to carry forward the impulses of Nostra aetate. The renewal of the Churches, with regard to their Jewish roots and in collaboration with their companions from Judaism, still encompasses many unexplored themes and has not yet been fully integrated into church practice. With the passage of time since the Council, we can now see more clearly the direction in which the path leads. The contributions in this volume illustrate how exciting the theological field is, which increasingly seeks to be explored and cultivated. Given that the relationship of the Church and Christians to Judaism is existentially fundamental, the impetus from the Council should not be archived and left to formulaic friendly assurances and greetings. In the context of growing anti-Semitism in Europe, which is often tolerated and legitimized with the excuse 'It is not meant to be anti-Semitic!', it is an essential task of theology and the Church to make this ongoing collaboration clearly visible to the outside world. Contributions by: Philip A. Cunningham, Klaus Davidowicz, Peter Ebenbauer, Bruno Forte, Rainer Kampling, Edward Kessler, Armin Lange, Regina Polak, Johanna Rahner, Norbert Reck, Stefan Schima, Roman A. Siebenrock, and Wolfgang Treitler.