The basis of this text, which remains central to the understanding of science today, is a lecture given by Max Weber (1864-1920) on November 7, 1917, at the request of the Free Student Union in Munich. His lecture "Politics as a Vocation," delivered in early 1919, serves as a counterpart to "Science as a Vocation" and was also created for the Free Student Union: Weber first analyzes the career prospects in the field of science, which depend significantly on uncontrollable coincidences, before turning to specialization as an essential prerequisite for scientific work. Weber sharply distinguishes between the natural sciences and the humanities, to which he primarily assigns the posing of value and meaning questions, while strictly rejecting their politicization.