"Experiment and Natural Philosophy in 17th Century Tuscany" offers a comprehensive analysis of the activities of the Florentine Accademia del Cimento, one of the first scientific societies in Europe. This academy, active from 1657 to 1667, conducted numerous experiments and observations in the fields of physics and astronomy, overshadowing the achievements of the Royal Society in London and the Académie Royale des Sciences in Paris. The book examines primary and secondary sources related to the activities of Cimento and sheds light on the intellectual concerns of the scholars they pursued throughout their careers. It demonstrates how these interests influenced the conduct and interpretation of their experiments. Inspired by Galileo's experimental successes, the academy developed an approach that relied on the senses to gain knowledge about nature, thereby laying the groundwork for the experimental philosophy that shaped historians' perception of Cimento's practices.