Armenia is located in the Eurasian Caucasus and has historically been contested by both the Ottoman and Russian Empires. During World War I, nationalists came to power in Turkey, leading to the arrest and deportation of around one and a half million Armenians as part of an ethnic cleansing. After the war, Armenia was once again divided between Turkey and Russia, with Eastern Armenia becoming a Soviet republic. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, Armenia has been independent, but it has not found peace due to ongoing conflicts with Turkey and neighboring Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh. This book provides an overview of Armenia, its history, politics, economy, and culture.