To mitigate the negative effects of demographic change, discussions include increasing female labor force participation and raising the birth rate. A comprehensive approach involving family, societal, social, and labor market policy measures aimed at achieving these goals must be preceded by a detailed investigation of their causes. This is the objective of this work, which centers on a quantitative analysis of the relationship between fertility and female labor force participation in Germany. In the first stage, empirical analyses are used to derive potential determinants for the econometric panel data models in the second stage. Multivariate probit models for cross-sectional data, classical pooling probit models, and random-effects probit models are applied. These models highlight the explanatory variables that significantly influence both fertility and female labor force participation in Germany. The results obtained in this study are plausible and can be interpreted clearly, allowing for the derivation of key points for family policy.