Today, two major problems stand in stark contrast in many parts of the world: the continuously rising number of childless marriages on one hand and overpopulation on the other. This creates entirely new, and in some cases still hardly solvable, challenges for doctors. However, the well-known tragic individual fates resulting from unfulfilled desires for children cannot simply be sacrificed to collective problems of humanity. In the Handbook of Skin and Venereal Diseases by JADASSOHN, male infertility was only briefly addressed in the context of the then prevalent post-gonococcal complications. Undoubtedly, other causes were insufficiently considered at that time. The significant role of male infertility in sterile marriages has only been recognized in the last three decades. Knowledge in this area has expanded significantly.